The rivalry between Leeds United and Manchester United, sometimes nicknamed the Roses rivalry,[1] is a footballing rivalry played between the Northern English clubs Leeds United and Manchester United. The rivalry originates from the strong enmity between the historic counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire, which is popularly believed to have its origins in the Wars of the Roses of the 15th century. Although the cities of Leeds and Manchester lie over 40 miles (64 km) apart, the tradition is upheld and this strong feeling can still be seen between the two clubs.[2] Independent research by the Football Fans Census has shown that, within English football, both Leeds and Manchester United are ranked within the top three clubs based on the number of clubs that consider them to be their rivals.[3]
In the past, rivalry between the two clubs has gone beyond the action on the field at Old Trafford and Elland Road. Hostility has become more intense over the years and during the 1970s, when British football hooliganism was at its height, fights between Leeds' Service Crew and Manchester United's Red Army, two of the most notorious hooligan firms in Britain, were commonplace and became known as some of the most violent clashes in British football.[4] Many people were injured in these encounters but violence between fans of the clubs has declined sharply since the 1970s for a number of reasons, mainly due to the general reduction in hooliganism. As recent as January 2010 (prior to the two clubs meeting in the FA Cup 3rd round, Alex Ferguson described the matches as "fantastic, feisty occasions" with "an electric atmosphere"[5]. The rivalry has also been labelled by The Telegraph as "English football’s most intense — and inexplicable — rivalry".[6]
These encounters have been particularly scarce since 1982, the year that Leeds United were relegated to the Second Division. Hooliganism was still rife among fans of English league clubs at this stage, and by the time Leeds United returned to the top flight in 1990 the problem was less severe and has remained a lesser problem since. Also, the rivalry and the hooliganism have been effectively curtailed since 2004, when Leeds were relegated from the Premier League.
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The rivalry is considered to be a sporting manifestation of the established rivalry between the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire, which can loosely be traced back to the Wars of the Roses,[2] a series of civil wars fought between the rival Plantagenet royal houses of York and Lancaster for the throne of England during the 15th century. The battles contested during the wars were particularly bloody, especially the Battle of Towton, which took place just 15 miles (24 km) away from Leeds and is described as "England's bloodiest ever battle".[7]
The colours of each football team's home shirts correspond to the respective rose representing their historic county – Leeds with a white kit, resembling the Yorkshire rose and Manchester United with a red shirt, like the Lancashire rose. However, Manchester United's colours have not always been red and Leeds only adopted their white kit in the 1960s, inspired by Real Madrid. There is a similar rivalry in the sport of cricket, in which matches are contested on a county basis. In this case, the Roses Match is the name given to games played between Yorkshire County Cricket Club and Lancashire County Cricket Club. Although the clubs cover the larger county region, Yorkshire are based in Leeds and play at the Headingley Stadium, while Lancashire play at the Old Trafford Cricket Ground in Manchester, close to the football stadium of the same name.[8] Manchester is now in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, while Leeds is now in the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire.
A direct rivalry between the cities of Leeds and Manchester sprang up during the Industrial Revolution in Britain during the 18th and 19th centuries. The entire country was going through an unprecedented phase of economic growth and Leeds' economy had grown rapidly thanks to the woollen industry. Meanwhile, to the west in Manchester, the cotton industry began to flourish, with factories fuelled by the transportation of cheap coal down the Bridgewater Canal.[9]
Manchester's cotton industry was highly successful and it also ruined the traditional Yorkshire woollen industry, due to cotton being far cheaper to produce. This left the weavers in Yorkshire feeling undercut and a loathing for the new wealth in Manchester began to set in. During the mid-19th century, Leeds had constructed the impressive Grade I listed Leeds Town Hall, though the wealth which Manchester had acquired allowed them to retort by constructing striking architectural works of their own, such as the Grade I listed Manchester Town Hall. This served to establish the rivalry between the two cities even further.[9]
Manchester United were the first side to emerge, despite club football itself first originating in Yorkshire.[10] The club was founded in 1878 as Newton Heath L&YR by employees of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway company with the company, as the name suggests, covering both historic counties. The club's new owners later changed their name to Manchester United in 1902.[11] Leeds had traditionally been a rugby league city so it was a while before the attraction of football finally appealed to the local people. An association football club was finally made though in 1904, when Leeds City emerged. The two sides clashed for the first time in the Second Division at Manchester United's Bank Street stadium on 15 January 1906 in front of 6,000 fans. Leeds City won the game 3–0, but United won the return game at Elland Road 2–1 in April.[12]
These matches proved to be both the first and the last times that the two clubs met, as Manchester United were promoted to the First Division at the end of the 1905–06 season and Leeds City were eventually forcibly disbanded due to financial irregularities.[13] A new club was formed under the name "Leeds United", and they began playing in the Midland League, taking the place vacated by Leeds City's reserve team. The club also took over Elland Road, which had been occupied by Yorkshire Amateurs since the demise of Leeds City.[9] Leeds United were elected to the Second Division on 31 May 1920 and they met Manchester United for the first time at Old Trafford on 20 January 1923. However, the 25,000 spectators went home disappointed as the match ended 0–0. Manchester United claimed the first victory, and indeed the first away win, between the two sides, when they beat Leeds 1–0 at Elland Road a week later on 27 January. It took Leeds until the 1925–26 season to gain their first victory, winning 2–0 at Elland Road on 3 October.
In the 1928–29 season Leeds achieved their first away victory against Manchester United, with a 2–1 win at Old Trafford in the First Division. Leeds also won the fixture at Elland Road 3–2 and became the first of the two sides to achieve a double over the other (winning both fixtures between the two sides in one season). Manchester United's first double over Leeds, however, did not come until 1946–47, when a 3–1 win at Old Trafford was followed by a 2–0 win at Elland Road. Neither side was particularly successful during this period though, and the two sides only met sporadically due to several promotions and relegations.[9]
It was not until after the Second World War that Manchester United became a fully-fledged footballing power, but they picked up three league titles during the 1950s.[14] Matt Busby was the man who had coached Manchester United to glory and he remained at the club until 1969. Meanwhile, across to the east, Leeds United had signed up former player Don Revie as their player-manager and he soon took the manager's post full-time. Manchester United's side during this era featured the likes of Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best, while under Revie Leeds had gained a reputation as a tough, uncompromising side, with the likes of Bobby's brother Jack Charlton, Billy Bremner, and Norman Hunter. Another key member of Revie's side was the Irishman Johnny Giles, who joined Leeds from Manchester United for £33,000 in 1963.
During the 1964–65 season, the two sides were drawn against each other in the semi-finals of the FA Cup for a chance to reach the final. The tie at Hillsborough was a very rough game – the image of Jack Charlton and Denis Law punching each other and wrestling on the ground epitomised the spirit in which the game was played – and it ended 0–0, with the Yorkshire Post commenting "both sides behaved like a pack of dogs snapping and snarling at each other over a bone".[15] The replay at the City Ground was tense and it took 89 minutes for Bremner to fire in the winner for Leeds.[15] The two clubs finished 1st and 2nd in the league that same season, both on 61 points, but the Mancunians won the title due to a better goal average.[16]
The rivalry between the two sides carried on at full force throughout the rest of the 1960s and the 1970s. Leeds attained a level of domestic success, winning the top division of English football in the 1968–69 season and the 1973–74 season, as well as finishing runners-up four more times and never finishing outside the top four places whilst Revie was at the helm.[17] During this period Manchester United only won the league once, in the 1966–67 season, but they had other successes, including winning the European Cup in 1968, an honour Leeds have never won.
In 1978, Joe Jordan and Gordon McQueen, two of Leeds' best players at the time, were both sold to Manchester United. This was tough for the Leeds fans to take, especially in the case of McQueen as he was a fan favourite. The following season, the two players appeared against their former club. McQueen was targeted in particular with booing and jeering at Elland Road and objects were hurled at him before he scored a headed goal for Manchester United to silence the home fans.[18]
The Roses rivalry did not take place for nearly a decade because Leeds were relegated in 1982, while United remained competitive in the First Division and in the hunt for honours almost every season.
Leeds eventually returned under the stewardship of Howard Wilkinson in 1990 with a newly strengthened squad that had finished as Second Division Champions. The first two seasons after Leeds won promotion brought draws between the two sides in all four league meetings, though Manchester United triumphed over the Yorkshire side in League Cup and FA Cup ties during that time.
The last league championship before the introduction of the Premier League came in the 1991–92 season, two seasons after Leeds' promotion, and for much of the season it was a straight title race between Leeds United and Manchester United. Thanks to the likes of Gordon Strachan (who was bought from Manchester United), Lee Chapman, David Batty and Eric Cantona, Leeds won the league by four points.[19] However, much to the surprise of Leeds fans, Cantona was sold to Manchester United for £1.2 million, later in 1992.[16] He would be the cornerstone of Manchester United's 1990s revival, leading them to the Premier League title on four occasions in just five seasons and he thus became one of the club's legends.[20] In 2001, he was voted their player of the century and, to this day, Manchester United fans refer to him as "King Eric".[21]
On-pitch clashes continued to happen between the clubs, with notable incidents including the beginning of a personal grudge between Manchester United captain Roy Keane and Alf-Inge Haaland in September 1997,[22] a clash between Ian Harte and Fabien Barthez in March 2001,[23][24] and a tussle between Robbie Keane and David Beckham in October 2001.[25]
Two Leeds United fans were stabbed to death during a UEFA Cup game against Galatasaray in 2000.[26] Many Manchester United fans paid their respects, leaving tributes at Elland Road, and there were even reports of Leeds and Manchester United fans embracing, with The Independent using the headline "Old rivalries forgotten as fans unite in grief".[27] However, by the time the two sides faced up in the league, the dark underbelly from a subsection of the fans came out of the shadows and some Manchester United fans unfurled banners bearing the words "MUFC Istanbul Reds" [28] and "Galatasaray Reds", glorifying the killers and mocking the victims. The Manchester United fans who unfurled these banners may have been retaliating to consistent taunting by Leeds fans about the Munich air disaster over the years (these chants have also been made by the supporters of many other clubs), but these banners angered the Leeds fans, who retorted by chanting songs about Munich, and there were reports of seats being ripped up and confrontations after the game.[29]
After going through a period of extreme financial difficulties, resulting from huge amounts of money being poured into the club to help them reach the UEFA Champions League semi-finals in 2001, Leeds United were relegated from the Premier League at the end of the 2003–04 season.[30] Alan Smith, a local boy and firm fan favourite at Leeds, shocked the Leeds fans after their relegation by transferring to Manchester United.[16] The Leeds fans dubbed him "Judas" and his actions were made particularly hard for them to take as Smith had been noted for kissing the club badge on his Leeds shirt and he had said that he would stay with the club even if they went down. He had also previously stated years before on an interview with Soccer AM that he would never join Manchester United.[16] He was welcomed by Manchester United fans and soon became a fan favourite, the fans respecting him and his decision to join a rival club.
Although the two sides rarely meet, the fans of both clubs still feel animosity towards each other. This is evident on matchdays, when the two sets of fans regularly sing about each other.
On 3 January 2010, the teams met for the first time in nearly six years in an FA Cup Third Round tie at Old Trafford. Despite being 43 places lower in the league than their rivals, Leeds United won the match 1–0, giving them their first win at Old Trafford for over 28 years.[31]
The clubs were drawn to meet in the 2011–12 Football League Cup Third round, at Elland Road and was played on 20 September 2011. This resulted in a 3-0 victory to Manchester United.The current gulf in resources of the two clubs was illustrated by Manchester United resting many regular first team players yet still comfortably beating a near full strength Leeds side. After the match the West Yorkshire Police opened an investigation into 'disgusting' chants from both sets of fans about The Munich Air Disaster and the murder of 2 Leeds fans in Turkey.[32]
In terms of trophies, the rivalry has been very much in favour of the Lancashire club. Manchester United have won a record 60 competitive trophies in all, including a joint record 40 major honours. By comparison, Leeds United have won nine competitive trophies, including seven major honours.
| [33] | Leeds United wins | Draws | Manchester United wins | Leeds United goals | Manchester United goals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| League | 23 | 32 | 37 | 98 | 127 |
| FA Cup | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 10 |
| League Cup | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 12 |
| Total | 26 | 35 | 46 | 107 | 149 |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 October 2003 | Leeds United | 0–1[34] | Manchester United | Elland Road | Premier League |
| 28 October 2003 | Leeds United | 2–3[35] | Manchester United | Elland Road | League Cup |
| 21 February 2004 | Manchester United | 1–1[36] | Leeds United | Old Trafford | Premier League |
| 3 January 2010 | Manchester United | 0–1[37] | Leeds United | Old Trafford | FA Cup |
| 20 September 2011 | Leeds United | 0–3[38] | Manchester United | Elland Road | League Cup |
| Club | Player | League | FA Cup | League Cup | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leeds United | Jack Charlton | 22 | 5 | 0 | 27 |
| Paul Reaney | 21 | 6 | 0 | 27 | |
| Manchester United | Bobby Charlton | 24 | 5 | 0 | 29 |
| Club | Player | League | FA Cup | League Cup | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leeds United | Mick Jones | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Manchester United | Bobby Charlton | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Name | Date of transfer | Fee paid | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Jordan | 4 January 1978 | £350,000 | [40][41] |
| Gordon McQueen | 1 February 1978 | £500,000 | [40][42] |
| Arthur Graham | 1 August 1983 | £65,000 | [40][43] |
| Eric Cantona | 12 November 1992 | £1,200,000 | [40][44] |
| Rio Ferdinand | 22 July 2002 | £29,100,000 | [40][45] |
| Alan Smith | 26 May 2004 | £7,000,000 (p/e)[46] | [40][47][48] |
| Name | Date of Transfer | Fee Paid | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freddie Goodwin | 16 March 1960 | £10,000 | [40][49] |
| Johnny Giles | 1 August 1963 | £33,000 | [40][50] |
| Brian Greenhoff | 1 August 1979 | £350,000 | [40][51] |
| Gordon Strachan | 21 March 1989 | £300,000 | [40][52] |
| Lee Sharpe | 14 August 1996 | £4,500,000 | [40][53] |
| Danny Pugh | 27 May 2004 | p/e[46] | [40][54] |
| Liam Miller | 4 November 2005 | loan | [40][55] |
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